What skin condition is characterized by an abnormal level of pigmentation leading to lighter patches?

Vitiligo is a skin condition that is characterized by the loss of pigment in the skin, leading to lighter patches. This occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), are destroyed or cease to function. As a result, affected areas of the skin lack the usual pigment, creating a contrast with the surrounding skin.

In contrast, psoriasis is primarily known for its thick, red patches covered by silvery scales, and it does not involve changes in pigmentation in the same way. Dermatitis generally refers to inflammatory skin conditions often characterized by redness, itchiness, and irritation rather than changes in skin color. Acne is primarily related to the clogging of hair follicles and often presents as pimples, not changes in pigmentation levels.

Vitiligo can affect any area of the body and can occur at any age. It can be influenced by factors such as genetics and autoimmune responses, and while there is no cure, various treatments can help manage the appearance of the condition. Understanding vitiligo is essential for estheticians, as it influences how they approach skin care and treatment for clients with varying pigmentation issues.