What could cause an overpopulation of pigment in the skin?

An overpopulation of pigment in the skin, known as hyperpigmentation, can indeed be influenced by hormones. Hormonal changes, particularly those associated with pregnancy (such as melasma) or hormonal therapies, can trigger an increase in melanin production. This overproduction of melanin leads to darker patches or spots on the skin. Hormones act as signals that can influence melanin synthesis in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment.

While genetics, environmental factors, and sun exposure can also contribute to hyperpigmentation, hormones are a unique and significant factor because they can cause changes in skin pigmentation independent of these other influences. For instance, some individuals may notice changes in pigmentation during periods of hormonal fluctuation, pointing to the direct role that hormones play in the process.