In which layer of the skin are Langerhans cells found?

Langerhans cells are predominantly located in the stratum germinativum, also known as the stratum basale. This layer is the deepest part of the epidermis where new skin cells are generated. Langerhans cells serve as important components of the immune system within the skin; they function as antigen-presenting cells that help to recognize and process foreign invaders, such as pathogens.

The stratum corneum, being the outermost layer of the skin, consists of dead keratinized cells that do not contain Langerhans cells, as they are primarily involved in protection and serve as a barrier. The stratum lucidum, found only in certain areas of the skin (like the palms and soles), also does not house Langerhans cells and mainly consists of a few layers of clear, dead keratinocytes. Lastly, the reticular dermis is part of the dermis, the second layer of skin beneath the epidermis, and is composed largely of connective tissue and does not contain Langerhans cells either. Therefore, the presence of Langerhans cells in the stratum germinativum highlights their role in the epidermis and the skin’s immune defense.